Glossary · Assistive technology

Braille display

Definition: A braille display – in full, a refreshable braille display – is an output device that shows text as tactile braille. Small pins rise and fall to form dot patterns read with the fingertips. It is usually driven by a screen reader, which decides what text appears [1].

German: Braillezeile · Also: refreshable braille display · Last reviewed: 27 September 2026

How a braille display works

Each braille character is made of up to six dots – on computers usually eight, so capitals and symbols fit in one cell. A display has a row of these cells: portable devices fewer, desktop models more. It only ever shows a slice – one line, one link, one form field – and keys on the device move along or jump to where focus is.

The screen reader decides what appears on the line. It uses the same information as for speech – an element's text, role and state – often abbreviated to a short code for "link" or "button".

Who uses one

  • Blind people who prefer reading to listening – for technical text, code, numbers or spelling, for example.
  • Deafblind people, for whom braille is often the only way into digital text.
  • People who need to work silently, such as in meetings.

Many combine braille and speech: the voice for a quick overview, the display for careful reading.

What your website needs

A braille display needs nothing a screen reader does not. But because it shows every character exactly, some mistakes stand out:

  • Text in images does not appear at all – only the alt text does.
  • Decorative characters, such as ">>>" arrows or rows of emoji, fill the short line.
  • Vague link text like "here" says even less in a few cells.
  • Missing language markup can lead to wrong output when the screen reader cannot tell the language.

How Reviseberg handles it

Reviseberg uses axe-core to check the basics screen readers, and therefore braille displays, rely on: alt text, link and button names, labels, page language. How text actually comes out on a braille display is not something Reviseberg tests. A screen reader agent is not part of Reviseberg today.

Screen reader · Assistive technology · Alt text · Language attribute · Accessibility tree

Further reading

Frequently asked questions

Does a website need a separate braille version?

No. The screen reader translates the page's text. The website only needs to be well structured and labelled.

Can I check braille support without a braille display?

Largely, yes: what a screen reader outputs correctly also reaches the display. NVDA can also show its braille output in a window on screen.

Why are braille displays so expensive?

Every cell needs several finely controlled pins, and production runs are small. In many countries, health or disability funding covers them as an aid.

Sources

  1. W3C WAI, Tools and Techniques – https://www.w3.org/WAI/people-use-web/tools-techniques/
  2. W3C, WCAG 2.2 – https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/
  3. NV Access, NVDA – https://www.nvaccess.org/

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