Glossary · Assistive technology

Assistive technology

Definition: Assistive technology is the hardware and software disabled people use to operate computers, phones and the web – screen readers, braille displays, screen magnifiers, voice control, or special keyboards and switches. An accessible website gives these tools the information they need [1].

German: Assistive Technologie · Abbreviation: AT · Last reviewed: 27 September 2026

The main kinds

The main kinds
ToolWho uses itWhat the website must provide
Screen readerblind and many partially sighted peoplestructure, names, roles, alt text
Braille displayblind and deafblind peoplethe same as for screen readers
Screen magnifierpartially sighted peoplereflow, visible focus, related content kept close
Voice controlpeople with motor disabilitiesvisible labels inside the accessible name
Switches, mouth sticks, eye trackingpeople with severe motor disabilitiesfull keyboard operation, large targets, no time limits
Captions and hearing aidsDeaf and hard-of-hearing peoplecaptions, transcripts

On top of that come the settings built into every operating system: magnification, high contrast, reduced motion, text-to-speech. Many people use them without ever thinking of themselves as assistive technology users.

How assistive technology understands a page

Most tools do not see the picture of a page. They read what the browser exposes through the operating system's accessibility interface: the accessibility tree, where every element has a role, a name and a state. Get that right and screen readers, voice control and switch access all work. That is why semantic HTML does so much: a real <button> brings its role, keyboard handling and focus with it.

WCAG therefore talks about information being "programmatically determinable": it must not only be visible but also present in the code, so software can pass it on [2].

Common misconceptions

  • "Only a small group needs this." Many assistive features – zoom, captions, keyboard shortcuts – are used by very many people.
  • "A read-aloud button on our site will help." People who need a screen reader already have one. A read-aloud button does not replace clean code, and yet another toolbar can get in the way, as with an overlay.
  • "If it works with one screen reader, it works with all." Screen readers, browsers and operating systems behave differently. Test with more than one combination.

How Reviseberg handles it

Reviseberg uses axe-core to check the code-level prerequisites assistive technology depends on, and a keyboard agent operates your most important journey the way keyboard and switch users do. A screen reader, voice control or zoom agent is not part of Reviseberg today. Anything that can only be checked with a particular assistive technology stays "untested" until a person records a result and the method they used.

Screen reader · Braille display · Screen magnifier · Voice control · Accessibility tree · Keyboard accessibility

Further reading

Frequently asked questions

What counts as assistive technology?

Anything that helps disabled people operate technology: screen readers, braille displays, magnification software, voice control, alternative keyboards, switches and eye tracking.

Do I have to test my website with every assistive technology?

No. Stick to standards such as HTML and WCAG, and spot-check with the most common tools – NVDA, VoiceOver and the system magnifier, for example.

Is the keyboard an assistive technology?

Not in itself. But almost every assistive technology builds on keyboard operation, which is why it is so fundamental.

Sources

  1. W3C WAI, Tools and Techniques (How People with Disabilities Use the Web) – https://www.w3.org/WAI/people-use-web/tools-techniques/
  2. W3C, WCAG 2.2, definition of "assistive technology" – https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/#dfn-assistive-technologies
  3. W3C WAI, Introduction to Web Accessibility – https://www.w3.org/WAI/fundamentals/accessibility-intro/

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